EAD (Work Permit): how to apply and renew

The EAD (Employment Authorization Document), or "work permit," is one of the most important documents while your immigration case is pending. It lets you work legally, get Social Security, get a driver's license in many states, and open bank accounts. This guide explains who can request it, how to apply, and how to renew without losing workdays.

What exactly is the EAD?

A plastic card the size of a driver's license, issued by USCIS, authorizing legal work in the U.S. for a set period (usually 1 or 2 years). The card shows your category (e.g., C09, A05, A12).

Who can request an EAD

USCIS has dozens of categories. The most common:

• C09: pending adjustment of status (family green card, etc.).
• C08: pending asylum (after 150 days from filing).
• A05: approved asylum.
• A12: approved TPS.
• C26: H-1B spouse with H-4.
• A03: refugee.
• C33: approved DACA.
• C31: trafficking victim (T).
• U-1 derivative / pending: crime victims.

If you have permanent residency, you don't need an EAD: your green card is the authorization. Read: when you can apply for citizenship.

How to file: Form I-765

The main form is I-765. You need:

1. Complete signed Form I-765.
2. Fee: $520 with biometrics (varies by category; some are free).
3. Two passport photos.
4. Passport copy (biographic page).
5. I-94 copy or evidence of legal entry if applicable.
6. Category evidence:
   • C09: I-485 receipt.
   • C08: I-589 receipt.
   • A12: approved TPS proof.
   • Each category has its own evidence. See I-765 instructions.

Fees and waivers

• Standard fee is $520.
• Some categories are free (initial asylum, refugee, certain TPS).
• If you can't pay, request a fee waiver with Form I-912.

For more on costs: documents for an immigration consultation.

How long it takes

Varies widely:

• Asylum C08: typically 1-3 months.
• Adjustment C09: 3-7 months.
• TPS A12: 4-8 months.
• DACA C33: 2-4 months.

Check current times at uscis.gov/processingtimes.

Renewal: start in time

This is where many people lose workdays. Recommendations:

• Start 180 days before your current EAD expires.
• USCIS only accepts renewals up to 180 days early.
• For many categories there is an automatic 540-day extension if you renew on time, but it requires that the receipt and the old EAD be compatible.

If your employer doesn't understand the auto-extension, bring them:

1. Old EAD (even if expired).
2. I-765 receipt (with a C-code that matches).
3. Letter explaining the extension under 8 CFR 274a.13(d).

Common mistakes that delay the EAD

• Bad photo: poor light, glasses, shadow.
• Missing signature on a page.
• Wrong fee (under-paid check).
• Wrong category: putting C09 when it's C08, etc.
• Missing evidence: not including the I-485 receipt.
• Wrong address: if you move and don't notify with AR-11, you don't get the card.

If you lose your EAD

You can request a replacement with I-765 marking "replacement" and paying the fee.

EAD and Social Security

With your EAD you can apply for a Social Security Number at the local SSA office. Bring:

• Original EAD.
• Passport.
• I-94 if applicable.

EAD and driver's license

In most states, the EAD lets you get a license. The license generally expires the same day as the EAD, so renew on time.

Next steps

If your immigration case is pending and you need work authorization, [