K-1 fiancé(e) visa: process and requirements

The K-1 visa allows the foreign fiancé(e) of a U.S. citizen to enter the United States to get married within 90 days. It is a useful tool but with strict rules. This guide covers the full process.

Who can file for K-1

• The petitioner must be a U.S. citizen (not a permanent resident).
• Both must be legally free to marry (with divorces and deaths documented).
• They must have met in person within the last 2 years before filing (with limited exceptions for cultural or extreme hardship).
• There must be a bona fide intent to marry within 90 days of arrival.

Step by step

Step 1: I-129F petition

The citizen files Form I-129F with USCIS, including:

• Proof of citizenship (passport, birth certificate, naturalization).
• Proof of in-person meeting within the last 2 years (dated photos, passport stamps, plane tickets, hotel receipts).
• Letters of intent to marry signed by both.
• Bona fide relationship evidence (communications, money transfers, trips).
• Information on prior divorces or marriages.

Approximate time: 6 to 12 months at USCIS.

Step 2: NVC and consular processing

Once I-129F is approved, the case moves to the National Visa Center and then the consulate in the foreign fiancé(e)'s country. There you must:

• Complete the medical exam with a designated doctor.
• Submit civil documents (birth, divorces, police records).
• Attend the consular interview.

Time: 2 to 6 months more, depending on the consulate.

Step 3: Entry to the U.S. and marriage

Once the K-1 visa is issued, you have 6 months to enter the U.S. After entry, you have 90 days to marry the petitioner.

Important: you must marry the original petitioner, not someone else. If you decide not to marry or marry someone else, K-1 ends and you must depart.

Step 4: Adjustment of status

After marriage, file Form I-485 (adjustment) to get conditional residence for 2 years. Then, before the 2 years are up, file I-751 to remove conditions.

See: conditional residence and removal of conditions.

Approximate costs

• I-129F: $675 (verify current fees at USCIS).
• Medical exam: varies by consulate.
• K-1 visa (DS-160 + consular fee): about $265.
• I-485 (later adjustment): $1,440.
• Legal fees: separate.

K-1 vs CR-1/IR-1 consular processing

A common question: should I marry first and bring my spouse on CR-1, or use K-1?

Factor	K-1 (fiancé(e))	CR-1/IR-1 (spouse)
Initial USCIS time	Faster	Slower
Total cost	Higher (later adjustment)	Lower (direct immigrant visa)
Work upon arrival	EAD optional, not immediate	Resident on entry, can work
Fast reunion	Yes	No

If you want fast reunion and plan to marry here, K-1 is good. If you have time and want lower costs, CR-1 may be better.

Bona fide evidence

USCIS and consulates look for marriage fraud. Document:

• How you met.
• Communications (chat captures, emails, calls).
• In-person meetings with proof (photos with family, trips).
• Financial support between you.
• Future plans (where you will live, joint decisions).

Common mistakes

• Failing to document the 2-year in-person meeting.
• Underestimating total time (can be 1 year or more).
• Not requesting EAD soon after entry (affects ability to work).
• Marrying after the 90 days (K-1 expires, must use a different process).

Next steps

If you are planning a K-1, ideally consult before filing to gather strong evidence from the start. [